![]() ![]() It will be a long cold night, lasting for 10 days, with temperatures falling to -30 C. But when the planet is mowing away from its sun, night will come. The sun will rise again on the sky, bringing just the amount of heat that's needed. then, during the short summer, since the planet is moving faster, settlers will see the sun going backwards. The city reaches the twilight zone and night comes. During the winter, the rotation will slowly. Then, the planet will turn again towards its sun. The winter will bring temperatures of around 20 degrees. But, because the short time, heat will still exist. The summer will last for only two Earth days, because the planet will turn further away from its sun. There, settlers will face temperatures up to 50 C, followed by violent storms. ![]() Suppose there is a city, facing the extreme heat. So, settlers will look for temperate regions. On the most exposed place, at the equator, water will start boiling. If the summer strikes in the middle of a day, temperatures will rise to high values. There is also the possibility for the planet to rotate a bit faster, resulting in a day of 40 Earth days, so it will consist of 4 planetary years. A day cycle will consist of planetary years. However, at periastron, the sun will move backwards. When planet is at apastron, settlers will see the sun moving in normal direction, from East to West. As a direct result, the day will last around 33 Earth days. A hypothetical planet orbiting Barnard's star will have a short year, of 10 days, but will have a rotation period of 7 days. This will generate internal heat and will also power planetary dynamo. The planet will spin a bit faster or slower then the star. The year will be very short, between 5 and 20 days. However, this is not possible for a planet on an elliptical orbit. Around them, planets should be tidal locked. There are very faint stars like M - type stars or White dwarfs. Armed with the best meteorological predictions, they will have to move in time to good settlements. It is possible that in some places (protected by natural barriers like mountains and waters) grass and other short lived plants will survive. At such extreme conditions, only genetically modified plants can survive. Temperatures might vary between +120 and -130 C, between summer days and winter nights. Settlers will find themselves face to face with extreme weather patterns. Some places might be safe from extreme summer heat, receiving more heat in winter, while others might be illuminated in summer and during winter will face long periods of darkness. In summer, as the planet moves faster, we might see for a limited time, the sun going backwards on the sky. In case of a Low - spinning planet, things are getting very interesting. On Earth, vegetation from high mountains is adapted to extreme weather changes. Plants will find hard to survive the harsh summer and to produce food. In temperate regions, there will be too much time with extreme cold. They could plant in autumn and harvest in late spring. At the equator, they will have the longest time for agriculture. Settlers will have problems harvesting their crops. In theory, such a planet will never be completely covered with ice, nor its poles will be free of glaciers. After a 50 days winter, there will come a 10 days spring, with massive floods. Spring will come far after the planet crosses semimajor axis, when stellar radiation is enough to melt the ice at closer to the poles. Spring will come faster to the equator, which is not covered with ice. As the planet starts approaching, the snow will increase its albedo, so that temperatures will not grow for a while. Weather will be more calm, but very cold. Finally, when the planet reaches its apastron, it enters an equilibrium phase. It will start snowing on large surfaces, but not at the equator. As the planet cools, water from the air continues to condensate as rain and snow. After a 30 Earth days of autumn, the winter will come. As so, temperatures will gradually decrease and it will rain. But as the planet moves away, the autumn will be longer, because the moisture in the atmosphere will create a greenhouse effect. ![]() Excess heat will generate seasonal storms. During that time, temperatures will not have enough time to rise to deadly values. ![]() Let's consider a planet that has an year of 100 Earth days. However, since planet speed increases as it closes the star, summers will be shorter, while winters will be very long. The planet will experience heat during summer and cold in winter. As a result, the year for a planet with its semimajor axis at the comfort zone, will be shorter. Not all planets have the same year length.Īround fainter stars, like K - type stars, the comfort zone is closer to the star then it is to our sun, Sol. ![]()
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